Dāl to ṣād

Seven more letters, again in pairs: د and ذ, ر and ز, and س and ش each differ only by their dots.

Watch the dots

New sounds

ذ (dhāl) is the soft th of “this”, not the th of “think” (that is ث). ر (rāʾ) is a tapped r made with the tip of the tongue, and it is never silent. ص (ṣād) is a heavy s: say s with the back of your tongue raised, and the sound becomes deeper and fuller.